A foam pump is a dispenser that works by pressing the liquid content together with air to create foam. They are commonly used in the packaging of products such as hand soap, cleansers, and various washing agents.
Structure of Foam Pumps
The foam pump, when viewed by its internal structure, is primarily composed of five key sections.
- Actuator, which functions by transmitting the force of the user’s press to the other internal components, and which, along with the spring, facilitates the press-and-rebound cycle for dispensing. The design and color of the actuator head can be customized as needed.
- Liquid Chamber , which squeezes out the contained liquid during the downward press and sucks liquid from the bottle into the chamber during rebound; the internal spring also provides the necessary rebound force here.
- Air Chamber, which draws in and expels air.
- Dip Tube, which serves as the connection between the liquid in the bottle and the pump mechanism, acting as the channel for liquid to enter the liquid chamber and ensuring fast dispensing with minimal residue.
- Air-Liquid Mixing Chamber, where the liquid and air from their respective chambers are thoroughly mixed and pressurized during the downward press. This mixture then passes through a dense mesh screen within the mixing chamber to create the fine, delicate foam.
The operating principles of foaming pumps seen on the market are generally the same. Compared to traditional lotion pumps, the entire structure of the foam pump is relatively more complex, primarily because it includes an additional air chamber. The pump itself is the core working component of the entire product, determining the dispensed volume, the quality of the foam, and the consistency of the pump’s performance.
During use, pressing down on the actuator head drives the large piston, small piston, and related components downward, applying a load to the spring. Simultaneously, the ball valve is closed. The liquid within the liquid chamber is forced out as the chamber’s volume decreases, traveling up the liquid channel. This liquid mixes with air that is simultaneously expelled from the air chamber through a fine mesh screen.
The liquid’s surfactants mix with the air to form foam, which is then ejected through the nozzle. When the actuator head is released, the spring pushes the piston upward. This creates negative pressure within both the air chamber and the liquid chamber. The air intake valve opens, allowing air to enter the air chamber, while the ball valve opens, allowing liquid to be drawn from the bottle through the dip tube into the liquid chamber.
This cycle repeats with each actuation.
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